Zhejiang: Heavy Wings

Out of the airport, there are tall buildings on both sides of the expressway leading to Hangzhou. Some of the most famous private enterprise headquarters are in these buildings.

A building that is not so gorgeous is the source of China's economic development and vitality.

In 2010, when Zhejiang's GDP growth rate declined for 10 consecutive years, GDP per capita remained fourth in the whole country, and the output value of SMEs accounted for 49% of the total output value of the province.

As early as 7 years ago, the problem of energy shortage in Zhejiang has been a sensation.

At the news conference of the 2005 National People's Congress

Why?

Long road to pformation

In the impression of some people, Zhejiang sits on the world's largest small commodity market, and the third industry should be developed, which is a misunderstanding of its industrial structure.

Compared with the PRD, light industry and hardware are the foundation of Zhejiang.

To develop light industry, the most indispensable is energy.

"2009 Zhejiang energy and utilization" shows that land resources in the whole province have not yet explored oil and natural gas resources, and coal resources have nearly dried up. More than 95% of the total energy consumption has been pferred and imported by other provinces.

Zhejiang has been trying to adjust its industry to ease the energy consumption situation of the manufacturing industry.

Zhang Ning, deputy director of Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation development planning department, presented a set of data to reporters: in June 2005, the proportion of the second industry in Zhejiang province was 80.67%, and the third industry was 9.47%.

Five years later, in June 2010, the proportion of the second industry dropped to 76.86%, while the third industry increased to 10.54%.

"Industrial electricity consumption is actually going down, which means that the industrial structure of Zhejiang is changing."

But change cannot happen overnight.

Zhejiang's traditional enterprises have been in the low end manufacturing stage for a long time. When trying to pform the high-end products, the products are often difficult to compete with similar products abroad due to inadequate grades or market direction, and many "rare buildings on the right side of the water" have appeared. This undoubtedly has hurt the enthusiasm and financial resources of enterprises.

In view of this, the effect of energy consumption reduction in Zhejiang is not obvious in the initial stage of "energy saving pformation".

In the next few years, the electricity load in Zhejiang will increase by about 5 million kilowatts per year.

Therefore, the electricity shortage in the province is likely to turn into a year-round and long-term power shortage from short-term and seasonal power shortages, and is more serious than other provinces.

The end is awkward.

From the map, the east part of Zhejiang is far away from the West where energy is concentrated. It is the end of the energy pmission line such as electric coal pportation and west to east gas pmission.

For a province at the end of the pmission, there are three points to decide whether the energy supply system is smooth or not, one is whether the channel is safe, the two is whether the channel is diversified, and the three is the price of energy pportation.

But now, there are more or less problems in these three aspects of Zhejiang.

In February 21, 2011, a cargo ship collided with the wharf power station of Datang, which caused the Zhanqiao to collide and collapse.

The 4 generating units of 600 thousand kilowatts, which needed about 22 thousand tons of coal per day, were paralyzed for a few days because of the disruption in the supply of electricity coal. Up to the beginning of June, the repair work has not ended. The supply of electric coal can only be pferred to power plants by means of peripheral wharves.

Although the collision of Zhanqiao is an accident, the single way of pportation is undeniable.

Natural gas is also difficult to play because of less channels.

Zhejiang has built natural gas generating units, "but gas supply has been sluggish. Last year, the capacity of more than 200 kilowatts of units could not be exerted."

Zhang Ning said that the industry ridiculed this situation as "strong without gas".

In her view, natural gas is actually one of the quickest ways to solve the problem of electricity shortage.

The lack of power pmission channels in the provinces also makes Zhejiang look at "electricity".

Due to the large volume of water and millions of electricity in Fujian this year, as of May 10th, Fujian has accumulated 2 billion 345 million kilowatt hours of electricity to the East China power grid.

However, because the energy pmission from Zhejiang to Fujian is too small, the surplus power of Fujian's tens of thousands of watts can not be pported to Zhejiang.

The price of coal pportation has also plagued Zhejiang for many years.

From the coal producing area to Zhejiang, the pportation cost of intermediate logistics can account for about 28% of the coal price.

The price of coal is rising. The price of water pportation and land pportation is also "35 days on a price", especially highway pportation, and freight growth will directly lead to the rise of coal price.

In the past, Shanxi was the first province to produce coal in the country. Now, with the reintegration of coal resources in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia's coal production ranks first in Shanxi.

The westward shift of the coal production growth center undoubtedly lengthened the pportation distance of Zhejiang to get coal.

In addition to the reality of the pport corridor problem, the energy terminal province is most worried about whether the future outsourcing mode can continue.

According to the current plan, Zhejiang's 1/4 power should be purchased from other provinces.

Apart from the use of Three Gorges power, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian and Sichuan are the main sources of Zhejiang's outsourced electricity.

However, with the tight supply of electricity in these provinces, it is difficult to sign not only the electricity purchase contract, but also the possibility of a power purchase.

Before 2001, the power supply in the whole country has been relatively ample, and some provinces and cities have voluntarily abandoned the Three Gorges power.

Over the next 5~6 years, more and more electricity shortages appeared throughout the country, and many provinces that did not receive the Three Gorges power supply demanded the Three Gorges power.

Although the news was not finalized, Zhejiang and East China were strained by the Three Gorges power for many years.

Because in the absence of energy and new thermal power, a seemingly small change will exacerbate the power gap at the end of energy pmission and even subvert the power planning.

Power supply is still missing.

In addition to long-term problems of pformation, power shortage is the primary enemy of power shortage.

Zhejiang's power supply has been unable to meet the demand for electricity.

By the end of 2010, the total electricity volume of Zhejiang was 37 million 110 thousand, of which 35 million 140 thousand kilowatts of thermal power (including natural gas), 1 million 650 thousand kilowatts of hydropower and 320 thousand kilowatts of nuclear power.

The purchased electricity is about 8 million kilowatts to 10 million kilowatts.

But in 2010, the total electricity load was 42 million 40 thousand, and the remaining millions of loads were filled by peak load shifting.

Last year, although Zhejiang had a shortage of 2 million kilowatts, the main reason for its power shortage was in 7~8.

In addition to the Spring Festival this year, Zhejiang has been short of electricity, the main reason is that installation can not meet the demand.

Since 2007, Zhejiang has shut down a lot of small thermal power for the goal of closing down 50 million KW small thermal power units during the period of "11th Five-Year".

"Pressure is small" has been completed, but "big" has not followed up.

"The unit is there. We can't generate electricity."

Zhejiang provincial development and Reform Commission, energy department, director of Jin Jing Bao obviously somewhat helpless, "Zhejiang's installed capacity this year is only 2 million 600 thousand kilowatts, accounting for about 6% of the total electricity load.

There will be no new capacity next year, and the electricity gap will inevitably arise. "

More than 90% of Zhejiang's electricity depends on thermal power.

Therefore, the quickest and most effective way is to accelerate the pace of thermal power construction.

However, under the consideration of environmental pollution and investment image, Zhejiang has always been cautious in approving new thermal power projects.

With the Japanese nuclear accident triggering global doubts about the safety of nuclear projects, Zhejiang's attitude towards approvals of thermal power has changed.

According to reports, Wenzhou power plant, Taizhou power plant, Huaneng Changxin and Cangnan power plant projects have been approved, and if they start next year, they will be used in 2013.

Expediency: orderly electricity consumption

In April 25, 2011, a micro-blog named "Jiangsu orderly electricity consultant" was put on the line and released to the Jiangsu public every day the information of summer power supply at the provincial level.

As early as March, the orderly power consumption plan has become one of the key words frequently reported by Zhejiang media in the report of electricity shortage.

Unlike the power cuts at the end of 2010, the orderly use of electricity does not force enterprises to pull electricity. Instead, the power supply enterprises are advised to shut down the production line during the peak period of power consumption according to the size of the installed power plant.

Successful examples of orderly power consumption are available in Zhejiang.

For example, in Shaoxing, because of the diligence of the government, the government will send out the staff in charge of the energy department to supervise the orderly use of electricity in the power dispatching center.

If the enterprise fails to shut down the electricity equipment according to the regulations, the competent government departments will send people to the scene to coordinate and solve them, which avoids the embarrassment of the power supply enterprises not having the right to enforce the law.

In Wenzhou, the principle of orderly electricity consumption is "government led, service guided, limited protection, peak cutting and valley filling". Due to the effective measures of the municipal government, the work is carried out orderly.

"Otherwise, enterprises that conscientiously implement policies are dissatisfied with unaware enterprises, and feel that they have suffered losses. They do not consciously shut down units that use electric equipment, and often do not listen to our discouragement."

Zhang Jian, director of marketing department of Wenzhou electric power company, said.

The active private economy, the abundant private capital and the high degree of marketization make Zhejiang people accustomed to solve the market problem with the market method.

When electricity is tight, the orderly use of electricity by the government can play a role in the short term, but the long-term solution to the electricity shortage should still be market means.

In order to suppress the electricity demand of high energy consuming enterprises, Zhejiang will impose punitive electricity prices on more than 2400 key power enterprises from June 1st, and enterprises with electricity exceeding the industry energy consumption limit standard will increase the electricity price of 0.1 yuan per kilowatt hour.

This is when Zhejiang province implements differential electricity price to eight high-energy consumption industries, it will raise the electricity price once again for large energy consumers.

In mid June, the Zhejiang provincial government announced that it would raise funds of 300 million to 400 million yuan, and make some economic compensation to enterprises that take part in the orderly use of electricity to avoid the peak, so as to enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in orderly power consumption.

An energy industry in Zhejiang very much agrees with this approach. "There is a lot of room for the marketization of electricity pricing mechanism. In the future, we must rely on this to solve the problem of power shortage.

But a series of measures, including demand side management, need to be supported by the government's policies and huge funds.

Many people are sorry for the shortage of electricity in Zhejiang, because Zhejiang has the value of economic pioneers and should have been more protected on the issue of electricity consumption.

But with no clear policy support, there is no way to hold large sums of money.

At the moment, China, which seeks to take off, needs a pair of wings that can powerfully pull the economy like Zhejiang, but the lack of electricity has left its wings in the economic recovery bridgehead losing momentum.

Despite the relief of the reservoir's water supply and the urgent launch of a number of thermal power projects, the energy shortage in Zhejiang has eased slightly, but these are all temporary measures.

At present, in order to make Zhejiang's wings more full, it needs not only capital and energy policy support, but also a more market-oriented way of operation based on punitive electricity price and compensation mechanism.

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